Grammar · Brazilian Portuguese

Portuguese verb tenses

Portuguese verb tenses look like a lot, but Brazilians use a handful every day and keep the rest for writing. Here is every tense with what it's for, an example you can hear, and a full conjugation chart for regular verbs.

Jump to the conjugation chart · All about the subjunctive · Conjugate any verb

Every tense at a glance

TenseWhat it's forExampleHow often
PresentPresenteThe present tense is for what is true now, what you do regularly, and, in speech, what you are about to do.Eu trabalho no centro.I work downtown.Every day
PreteritePretérito perfeitoThe preterite is the past tense for finished actions: things that happened once, or are over and done.Ontem eu comi pizza.Yesterday I ate pizza.Every day
ImperfectPretérito imperfeitoThe imperfect is the past tense for what used to happen, what was going on, and how things were.Quando eu era criança, eu jogava bola na rua.When I was a kid, I used to play football in the street.Every day
FutureFuturoBrazilians talk about the future with ir + infinitive (vou falar); the one-word futuro do presente (falarei) is mostly for writing and formal speech.Amanhã eu vou trabalhar de casa.Tomorrow I'm going to work from home.Speech and writing
ConditionalFuturo do pretéritoThe conditional is how Portuguese says “would”: what would happen, polite requests, and the result of an if-sentence.Eu compraria uma casa na praia.I would buy a house at the beach.Speech and writing
Present PerfectPretérito perfeito compostoTenho feito isn't the English present perfect: it means “I've been doing” something lately or again and again, while “I have done” is the preterite (eu já fiz).Tenho trabalhado muito esta semana.I've been working a lot this week.Speech and writing
PluperfectMais-que-perfeitoThe pluperfect is the past before the past: something that had already happened before another moment in the past, as in eu já tinha comido (I had already eaten).Quando eu cheguei, o filme já tinha começado.When I arrived, the film had already started.Speech and writing
Present SubjunctivePresente do subjuntivoThe present subjunctive is the form for wishes, doubts, feelings and things that may or may not happen, usually after que: espero que você goste.Tomara que não chova amanhã.I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.Speech and writing
Imperfect SubjunctivePretérito imperfeito do subjuntivoThe imperfect subjunctive is the form for imagined situations and past wishes: se eu tivesse tempo (if I had time), queria que você viesse (I wanted you to come).Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria mais.If I had money, I'd travel more.Speech and writing
Future SubjunctiveFuturo do subjuntivoThe future subjunctive is the form after se, quando and similar words for something that may or will happen later: se eu for, quando você chegar.Se chover amanhã, a gente fica em casa.If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay home.Speech and writing
Personal InfinitiveInfinitivo pessoalThe personal infinitive is an infinitive with its own subject and endings, used mostly after prepositions: para eles saberem, antes de vocês saírem.Deixei a chave para vocês entrarem.I left the key so you could get in.Mostly writing
ImperativeImperativoThe imperative is the form for telling someone to do something: commands, requests, instructions and recipes.Me passa o sal, por favor.Pass me the salt, please.Every day
GerundGerúndioThe gerund is the -ndo form (falando, comendo, partindo): with estar it says what is or was going on, and on its own it says how something happened.Estou trabalhando agora, te ligo depois.I'm working right now, I'll call you later.Every day

Tenses Brazilians use every day

Learn these first: they carry almost every conversation.

Mostly in writing

You'll read these in books, the news and formal letters, and hear them in careful speech.

Portuguese conjugation chart

Every tense of the three regular verbs, falar (to speak), comer (to eat) and partir (to leave). Any regular verb follows the one with its ending: -ar like falar, -er like comer, -ir like partir.

Printable conjugation chart (PDF)One page: every tense of falar, comer and partir, to keep beside you.

Presente

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalocomoparto
vocêfalacomeparte
nósfalamoscomemospartimos
vocêsfalamcomempartem
tufalascomespartes

Pretérito perfeito

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufaleicomiparti
vocêfaloucomeupartiu
nósfalamoscomemospartimos
vocêsfalaramcomerampartiram
tufalastecomestepartiste

Pretérito imperfeito

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalavacomiapartia
vocêfalavacomiapartia
nósfalávamoscomíamospartíamos
vocêsfalavamcomiampartiam
tufalavascomiaspartias

Futuro com ir

Personfalarcomerpartir
euvou falarvou comervou partir
vocêvai falarvai comervai partir
nósvamos falarvamos comervamos partir
vocêsvão falarvão comervão partir
tuvais falarvais comervais partir

Presente contínuo

Personfalarcomerpartir
euestou falandoestou comendoestou partindo
vocêestá falandoestá comendoestá partindo
nósestamos falandoestamos comendoestamos partindo
vocêsestão falandoestão comendoestão partindo
tuestás falandoestás comendoestás partindo

Passado contínuo

Personfalarcomerpartir
euestava falandoestava comendoestava partindo
vocêestava falandoestava comendoestava partindo
nósestávamos falandoestávamos comendoestávamos partindo
vocêsestavam falandoestavam comendoestavam partindo
tuestavas falandoestavas comendoestavas partindo

Pretérito perfeito composto

Personfalarcomerpartir
eutenho faladotenho comidotenho partido
vocêtem faladotem comidotem partido
nóstemos faladotemos comidotemos partido
vocêstêm faladotêm comidotêm partido
tutens faladotens comidotens partido

Mais-que-perfeito composto

Personfalarcomerpartir
eutinha faladotinha comidotinha partido
vocêtinha faladotinha comidotinha partido
nóstínhamos faladotínhamos comidotínhamos partido
vocêstinham faladotinham comidotinham partido
tutinhas faladotinhas comidotinhas partido

Futuro do pretérito

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalariacomeriapartiria
vocêfalariacomeriapartiria
nósfalaríamoscomeríamospartiríamos
vocêsfalariamcomeriampartiriam
tufalariascomeriaspartirias

Presente do subjuntivo

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalecomaparta
vocêfalecomaparta
nósfalemoscomamospartamos
vocêsfalemcomampartam
tufalescomaspartas

Imperfeito do subjuntivo

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalassecomessepartisse
vocêfalassecomessepartisse
nósfalássemoscomêssemospartíssemos
vocêsfalassemcomessempartissem
tufalassescomessespartisses

Futuro do subjuntivo

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalarcomerpartir
vocêfalarcomerpartir
nósfalarmoscomermospartirmos
vocêsfalaremcomerempartirem
tufalarescomerespartires

Imperativo

Personfalarcomerpartir
vocêfalecomaparta
nósfalemoscomamospartamos
vocêsfalemcomampartam
tufalacomeparte

Futuro do presente

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalareicomereipartirei
vocêfalarácomerápartirá
nósfalaremoscomeremospartiremos
vocêsfalarãocomerãopartirão
tufalaráscomeráspartirás

Mais-que-perfeito simples

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalaracomerapartira
vocêfalaracomerapartira
nósfaláramoscomêramospartíramos
vocêsfalaramcomerampartiram
tufalarascomeraspartiras

Infinitivo pessoal

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalarcomerpartir
vocêfalarcomerpartir
nósfalarmoscomermospartirmos
vocêsfalaremcomerempartirem
tufalarescomerespartires

Questions

How many verb tenses are there in Portuguese?

It depends on what you count. Grammar books list three moods (indicative, subjunctive and imperative), with six simple tenses in the indicative and three in the subjunctive, plus compound tenses built with ter and forms like the personal infinitive and the gerund. Counted that way there are around fifteen; in everyday Brazilian Portuguese about ten do almost all the work.

Which tenses do Brazilians actually use?

In speech: the present, the preterite and the imperfect, ir + infinitive for the future, estar + gerund for what's happening now, tinha + participle for the past perfect, the three subjunctives and the imperative. The simple future (falarei), the simple pluperfect (falara) and much of the conditional are mostly kept for writing.

What's the difference between the preterite and the imperfect?

The preterite is for something finished (eu comi, I ate); the imperfect for what used to happen or was going on (eu comia, I used to eat, I was eating). More in the guide to the preterite and the imperfect.

Learn the tenses from real stories

Read Brazilian books and stories at your level, tap any verb for its meaning in that sentence, and press Listen to hear the page in a Brazilian voice.

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